A Review of Battery Life-Cycle Analysis: L. & Orlenius, J. Life cycle assessment of lithium-ion batteries for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles—critical issues. J. Clean. Prod. 18, 1519
Life cycle assessment of leading Li-ion battery recycling options is investigated. • Hydrometallurgical processing is more beneficial due to the recovery of Li. • Most environmental benefits arise from recovered Al, Cu and Co fractions. • Recycling achieves reductions of more than 30% in 11 out of 13 impact categories. •
Today, new lithium-ion battery-recycling technologies are under development while a change in the legal requirements for recycling targets is under way. Thus, an evaluation of the performance of these technologies is critical for stakeholders in politics, industry, and research. We evaluate 209 publications and compare three major recycling routes. An important aspect of this review is that we
2.3 Life cycle impact assessment. To identify and evaluate the amount and significance of the potential environmental impacts arising from the LCI, the inputs and outputs are assigned to impact categories. In this study, the categories are considered by using global warming potential (GWP) and cumulative energy demand (CED).
impacts throughout the life cycles of these Li-ion battery systems. The LCA study was conducted consistent with the International Standards Organization (ISO) 14040 series, which stipulates four phases of an LCA: goal and scope definition, life-cycle inventory (LCI), life-cycle impact assessment (LCIA), and interpretation.
The study was carried out as a process-based attributional life cycle assessment. The environmental impacts were analyzed using midpoint indicators. The global warming potential of the 26.6
. 821 248 394 942 794 883 641 11
li ion battery life cycle assessment
